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The Muslims had and have
a very strong spiritual attachment to the city of Jerusalem.
Muslims ruled the city
for over one thousand years. It was here where the Prophet
Mohammed ascended to
heaven. Jerusalem is the site of the holiest Muslim Shrine, The
Dome of the Rock.
Jerusalem has a rich
history full of magnificent cultures. It’s the place where heaven
and
earth meet; Jerusalem is
considered as the ultimate pilgrimage for followers of these three
monotheistic faiths.
Yet, because the Holy City evokes passion to all those people who
claim her as their own.
Here you have a
chronological outlook of the different periods of Jerusalem”
The First Commonwealth (ca. 1004-586 CE)
The Persian Period (539 BCE-332 BCE)
The Hellenistic Period (167 BCE- CE 63)
The Hasmonean Period (167 BCE-CE 63)
The
Roman Period (63 BCE – 324 CE)
The Byzantine Period (324 –638)
EARLY MUSLIM
PERIOD (639-1099
638 Six years
after the Mohammed's death, Caliph Omar captures Jerusalem; Jews
readmitted.
691 Dome of the
Rock is built by Caliph Abd al-Malik.
715 Al-Aqsa
Mosque is completed by al-Walid al-Malik.
750 Power shifts
from the Umayyad of Damascus to the Abbasids of Baghdad; Abbasids
continue to
enhance Jerusalem.
969 Fatimid
conquest is soon followed by destruction of churches and synagogues.
1071 Seljuks
devastate Jerusalem.
CRUSADER PERIOD
(1099-1187)
1099 Crusaders
led by Godfrey de Bouillon, capture Jerusalem; Baldwin I declared
king;
Jews and
Muslims are slaughtered.
1187 Kurdish
general Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders; permits Jews and
Muslims to
return and settle in the city.
AYYUBID and MAMLUK
PERIOD (1187-1517)
1229 Treaty
returns Jerusalem to the Crusaders.
1244 Mamluk
Sultans defeat the Ayyubids and rule Jerusalem; city again in Muslim
hands.
1260 Mamluks
of Egypt rule Jerusalem from Cairo.
1267 Rabbi Moshe
Ben Nahman arrives from Spain, revives Jewish congregation.
1275 Marco Polo
in Jerusalem on his way to China.
1291 Acre, the
last Crusaders stronghold in the Holy Land, is captured by the
Mamluks.
1348 Black Death
Plague hits Jerusalem.
1492 Jews arrive
following Spanish Exile.
OTTOMAN PERIOD
(1517-1917)
1517 Palestine
and Jerusalem become part of the Ottoman Empire.
1537 Sultan
Suleiman the Magnificent rebuilds the city walls.
1799 Napoleon
invades Palestine but does not try to conquer Jerusalem.
1831 Mohammed Ali
of Egypt rules the country for nine years.
1838 First
consulate (British) opens in Jerusalem.
1849 Consecration
of Christ Church, first Protestant church in the Near East.
1860 First Jewish
settlement outside walls of the city.
1892 Railroad
connects the city to the coast.
1898 Visit by Dr.
Theodor Herzi, founder of the World Zionist Organization.
THE BRITISH
MANDATE PERIOD ( 1917- 1948)
1917 British
conquest and General Allengy's entry into Jerusalem.
1920 The Mandate
for Palestine is conferred on Britain.
1921 Arab-Jewish
disturbances.
1925 Hebrew
University buildings are inaugurated.
1936 Arab-Jewish
disturbances.
1947 United
Nations Resolution to create a Jewish and an Arab state in
Palestine.
1948 British
withdraw from Palestine; armies from neighboring states invade the
country;
the State of
Israel is declared on May 14.
THE ISRAELI PERIOD
(1948-)
1948 Israel War
of Liberation (also known as the "1948-1949 War").
1949 Israel-Tran
Jordan Armistice Agreement signed; Jerusalem divided between two
countries.
Jerusalem proclaimed capital of Israel; East Jerusalem is ruled by
Jordan.
1967 Israel
capture the Old City during Six-Day War.
1973 The Yom
Kippur War.
1979 Egypt and
Israel sign a peace treaty.
1987 Beginning of
the Intifada.
1993 Israel and
PLO sign the Declaration of Principles.
1995 Israel and
Jordan sign a peace treaty.
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